In the ever-evolving world of cannabis, some unsung heroes largely skate under the radar—terpenes.
Cannabis-derived terpenes are as diverse as cannabis strains themselves.
The terpene journey is a rich tapestry of aromas, effects, and experiences. From uplifting citrus nodes to calming lavender whispers, each terpene contributes its unique botanical thumbprint to your cannabis terpene journey.
But how do terpenes affect you, and what the heck are they? To find out, keep reading!
What Are Cannabis Derived Terpenes?
Our terpene journey starts with an understanding of cannabis-derived terpenes.
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found inside the cannabis plant—and most plants, for that matter. They give cannabis its distinct scent and flavor.
Terpenes are responsible for the skunk smell most associated with cannabis.
Scientifically speaking, terpenes are aromatic hydrocarbons produced by plants. You can also find them in:
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Herbs
- Cannabis
For plants, terpenes help attract pollinators, repel predators, and protect against pathogens. Some even serve as natural pesticides.
But what are the most common cannabis terpenes, and do they hold magical powers you should know about?
Do Terpenes Affect Your High?
Terpenes influence the “high” you feel from cannabis. They not only enhance the sensory experience but are believed to play a role alongside cannabinoids to produce a synergistic effect known as the entourage effect.
This theory suggests that cannabinoids like THC and CBD, when combined with terpenes and other compounds in the plant, work together to create a more powerful effect than any one compound.
The hypothesis of the entourage effect states that botanical synergy involves a dominant molecule supported by plant derivatives like cannabinoids and flavonoids.
Other Ways Terpenes Affect Your High
Aroma and Flavor
Terpenes are directly responsible for the aroma and flavor of cannabis. They are what give cannabis its unique smells and tastes.
Modulation of Cannabinoid Effects
Some terpenes may enhance or diminish the impact of cannabinoids, influencing the overall experience. While most terpenes do not interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) that makes cannabis “click,” researchers have found one, beta-caryophyllene, that does behave similar to THC by interacting with receptors in the ECS.
Interestingly, research indicates that terpenes can interact with various receptors in the body, including neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. This means that each terpene uniquely affects the body’s receptors. As it turns out, terpenes DO matter.
Enhanced Bioavailability
Terpenes are believed to enhance the bioavailability of cannabinoids, influencing how effectively they are absorbed and utilized by the body. Improved bioavailability can contribute to the overall effectiveness of cannabis in producing desired effects.
Common Cannabis Derived Terpenes
Limonene
Limonene is found in most citrus plants and is widely known for its distinct flavor. It is a cyclic monoterpene. It exists in two forms: D-limonene and L-limonene. D-limonene is the most common type we’re referring to here.
It is excellent for depression and anxiety. Some research even suggests that it can be used to treat gallstones and reduce cholesterol. It could also be helpful as an anti-inflammatory and has neuroprotective effects.
- Aroma: Orange, zesty, pine
- Effects: Mood-elevating, anti-inflammatory
Pinene
Alpha-pinene has a piney and earthy aroma. It is commonly found in coniferous trees and pine trees. You’ll also find it in rosemary, basil, sage, and parsley.
Its fragrance is often associated with feelings of freshness and clarity.
Alpha-pinene has been found to be helpful as a sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic—to reduce anxiety, and anti-seizure, anti-cancer, and analgesic. It also has neuroprotective effects against memory loss.
- Aroma: Piney, woodsy
- Effects: Anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, analgesic
Myrcene
Myrcene has an earthy, musky, and slightly fruity aroma. The fragrance is often described as herbal. You’ll find it in lemongrass, bay leaves, hops, and cannabis.
Myrcene in cannabis interacts with THC to improve the pain and psychoactive effects of the plant. It also reduces inflammation, and when working in conjunction with CBD, it produces powerful effects.
- Aroma: Earthy, fruity, clove
- Effects: Sedative, anti-inflammatory
Caryophyllene
Caryophyllene is a terpene that belongs to a larger class of compounds known as sesquiterpenes. It has a spicy, peppery aroma. In fact, you’ll frequently find it in black pepper and cloves.
Some research suggests that caryophyllene is suitable for gastrointestinal issues, pain, and atypical Dermatitis. However, researchers are really interested in its ability to act on the CB2 receptors in the body.
It may also be helpful as an antidepressant, analgesic, or anticonvulsant.
- Aroma: Spicy, peppery, musky
- Effects: Antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory
Humulene
Humulene is known for its tranquil, creativity-enhancing effects that promote relaxation without causing couch lock. It is beloved to offer potential benefits such as pain relief and an aromatic profile characterized by spicy, earthy, and woody notes.
- Aroma: Woody, earthy, herbal
- Effects: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, relaxing
Linalool
Although not dominant in most strains, studies suggest that linalool possesses stress-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties. It promotes relaxation and potentially improves sleep quality. Its sweet, spicy, and citrus-like fragrance is reminiscent of lavender, a flower that also contains high amounts of linalool.
- Aroma: Citrus, floral, lavender
- Effects: Sedative, anti-inflammatory
Ocimene
Ocimene is celebrated for its sweet and herbaceous flavor, featuring woodsy and citrusy notes. Widely distributed across the plant kingdom – from kumquats to mangos to peppers, it offers a revitalizing and uplifting experience. It may also have anti-inflammatory properties.
- Aroma: Sweet, floral
- Effects: Uplifting, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
Terpinolene
Terpinolene is often described as “fresh,” embodying pine, floral blossoms, and subtle citrus notes. Despite being a less discussed terpene, it’s a popular choice in soaps and perfumes. Beyond aromas, it provides soothing effects, offering deep relaxation to those who seek it.
- Aroma: Woody, floral, herbal
- Effects: Anti-inflammatory, sedative
Eucalyptol
Eucalyptol has a refreshing, minty, slightly spicy aroma. It is excellent for asthma, mucosal hypersecretion, and non-purulent rhinosinusitis. Some research has also shown that it can kill leukemia cells.
Eucalyptol is found in strains with a more minty, herbal aroma. Some people use it as a decongestant.
- Aroma: Woody, minty
- Effects: Mood-lifting, analgesic, anti-bacterial
Borneol
Borneol is a camphor-like terpene found in various plant species and has a woodsy, herbal, slightly floral aroma. It is a possible treatment for hypertension and blood pressure. Other studies say it may have neuroprotective benefits.
- Aroma: Pine, woody, minty
- Effects: Stress relief, relaxation
Citral
Citral is a terpene with a citrusy aroma, and its citrusy scent is found in countless cannabis strains.
Citral is a relaxant and is helpful in treating gastrointestinal complaints. It may also have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.
- Aroma: Earthy, lemon, lime
- Effects: Stress relief, relaxation, anti-inflammatory
Geraniol
Geraniol is a terpene alcohol found in various plants’ essential oils, contributing to their distinctive aroma. It is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It has a sweet, rosy, floral scent similar to the smell of roses.
Geraniol may have anti-cancer therapeutic effects.
- Aroma: Sweet, floral citrus
- Effects: Mood-lift
Guaiol
Guaiol is a sesquiterpene found in certain plants, including cypress pine and guaiacum. It is believed to kill dust mites and allergens.
Its aroma is woody, piney, and slightly sweet. It may also hold some anti-inflammatory benefits.
- Aroma: Woody, piney, sweet
- Effects: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic
Do Terpenes Get You High?
No, terpenes by themselves do not get you “high” like THC, which is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis. However, terpenes contribute to the overall cannabis experience by giving the plant its unique aroma, flavor, and overall effects.
So, while terpenes don’t get you high, they do modulate the overall cannabis experience.
What Are Terpene Profiles?
Terpene profiles refer to the unique combinations and concentrations of terpenes in a particular cannabis strain. The scent, flavor, and potential therapeutic effect make up the terpene profile.
Each strain of cannabis has its combination of terpenes like limonene, pinene, or myrcene, as we covered above. The proportion of those terpenes depends on the strain.
Because there are so many different cannabis strains with terpene profiles, it’s essential to work with an experienced budtender to understand your options.
At Blue Oak, our budtenders are highly trained and happily give you a complete rundown of the terpene profile of every strain we carry!
What Are The Best Terpenes for Anxiety?
Multiple terpenes associated with anxiety reduction have been identified, including:
- Linalool, associated with calming scents like lavender
- Myrcene, one of the most common terpenes in all cannabis strains
- Beta-caryophyllene, the black pepper spicy aromas in many cannabis strains
- Humulene, widely known for its anti-inflammatory and appetite-suppressant properties
Keep in mind your individual experience with these terpenes may vary.
Choose The Right Terpenes for The Ultimate Cannabis Journey
As we have seen, cannabis-derived terpenes influence the aroma, experience, and therapeutic benefits you enjoy from cannabis.
Whether you want to reduce anxiety or increase your alertness, terpenes make a difference.
We warmly invite you to visit Blue Oak Dispensary in-store to learn more about terpenes and the terpene profile of your favorite cannabis strain.
Our helpful team is happy to answer any questions you have!
